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Abstract
The article presents a comprehensive comparative study of neurological disease terminology in the English and Uzbek languages from both linguodidactic and ethno-cultural perspectives. It explores how neurological terms, particularly those related to mental and nervous disorders, reflect the cognitive, communicative, and cultural dimensions of language. The research highlights morphological structures of medical terminology derived from Greek and Latin roots, as well as the hybrid character of Uzbek equivalents combining loanwords and native expressions. The paper emphasizes that effective teaching of medical terminology requires an integrated approach that includes morphological analysis, contextual application, and cultural interpretation. It further identifies semantic asymmetries between English and Uzbek terms—such as nervous breakdown versus asab buzilishi—which demonstrate the influence of cultural worldview on linguistic representation. The proposed linguodidactic framework offers a model for enhancing terminological competence, intercultural understanding, and professional communication among medical learners.