SOCIO-ECONOMIC CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF POPULATION MIGRATION IN THE CITIES OF TASHKENT REGION

Abstract

This article examines the socio-economic determinants and consequences of population migration in the cities of the Tashkent Region during the period of independence (1991–2021). Based on official statistical datasets provided by the author—including annual population dynamics, internal and international migration flows, employment indicators, and urbanization patterns—the study applies descriptive, comparative, and spatial analysis methods. The findings show that migration has been shaped by a combination of push and pull factors, including industrial development in major urban centers (such as Chirchiq, Olmaliq, Angren, Bekobod), regional labor market asymmetries, demographic pressure in densely populated districts, and wage differentials between Uzbekistan and foreign labor-receiving countries. Internal migration contributed to rapid urban growth and increasing pressure on social infrastructure, while international labor migration played a significant stabilizing role for household incomes through remittances. At the same time, the outflow of working-age men created gender-age imbalances and amplified social vulnerability in certain municipalities. [1.]   The study concludes that managing migration in the Tashkent Region requires targeted urban planning strategies, investment in public services, and the development of localized employment programs to reduce excessive mobility driven by structural inequalities.